java：提示Could not initialize class sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment
问题：
启动tomcat提示 Could not initialize class sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment 问题。
解决方案：
方案一：
修改${TOMCAT_HOME}/bin/catalina.sh (windows修改catalina.bat) 里加上一句 “CATALINA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true 添加位置：
方案二
修改${TOMCAT_HOME}/bin/catalina.sh (windows修改catalina.bat) 查到-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR"这行，并在这一行下加入: -Djava.awt.headless=true \ 共有八处的。 修改好保存再重启即可，此时，如果是用远程登录来修改的话，有可能需要修改catalina.sh这个文件的权限，用在tomcat\bin目录下输入chmod 777 catalina.sh修改即可！
需改过后的 全部内容：
#!/bin/sh# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at## http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and# limitations under the License.# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------# Control Script for the CATALINA Server## Environment Variable Prerequisites## Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a script# setenv.sh in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.## CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.## CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions# of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to# the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.## CATALINA_OUT (Optional) Full path to a file where stdout and stderr# will be redirected.# Default is $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out## CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",# "run" or "debug" command is executed.# Include here and not in JAVA_OPTS all options, that should# only be used by Tomcat itself, not by the stop process,# the version command etc.# Examples are heap size, GC logging, JMX ports etc.## CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory# the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to# $CATALINA_BASE/temp.## JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.# Required to run the with the "debug" argument.## JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.# Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME# are both set, JRE_HOME is used.## JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when any command# is executed.# Include here and not in CATALINA_OPTS all options, that# should be used by Tomcat and also by the stop process,# the version command etc.# Most options should go into CATALINA_OPTS.## JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of colon separated directories# containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs# created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).# It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.# Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.## JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"# command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".## JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"# command is executed. The default is 8000.## JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"# command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend# execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".## JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"# command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,# and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda# options MUST be specified. The default is:## -agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,# address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND## CATALINA_PID (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid# of the catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is# used## LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file# Example (all one line)# LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"## LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager# Example (all one line)# LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"## $Id: catalina.sh 1498485 2013-07-01 14:37:43Z markt $# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------# OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false.cygwin=falsedarwin=falseos400=falsecase "`uname`" inCYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;Darwin*) darwin=true;;OS400*) os400=true;;esac# resolve links - $0 may be a softlinkPRG="$0"while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"` link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'` if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then PRG="$link" else PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link" fidone# Get standard environment variablesPRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set[ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd`# Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not already set[ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"# Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,# but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed.CLASSPATH=if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then . "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then . "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"fi# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touchedif $cygwin; then [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"` [ -n "$JRE_HOME" ] && JRE_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JRE_HOME"` [ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"` [ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"` [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`fi# For OS400if $os400; then # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs. COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)' system $COMMAND # Enable multi threading export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Yfi# Get standard Java environment variablesif $os400; then # -r will Only work on the os400 if the files are: # 1. owned by the user # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.shelse if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh else echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh" echo "This file is needed to run this program" exit 1 fifi# Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATHif [ ! -z "$CLASSPATH" ] ; then CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":fiCLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH""$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jarif [ -z "$CATALINA_OUT" ] ; then CATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.outfiif [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then # Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for Catalina CATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/tempfi# Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath# tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instanceif [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" ] ; then CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jarelse CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jarfi# Bugzilla 37848: When no TTY is available, don't output to consolehave_tty=0if [ "`tty`" != "not a tty" ]; then have_tty=1fi# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running javaif $cygwin; then JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"` JRE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JRE_HOME"` CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"` CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"` CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"` CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"` JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"`fi# Set juli LogManager config file if it is present and an override has not been issuedif [ -z "$LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/logging.properties ]; then LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties" else # Bugzilla 45585 LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop" fifiif [ -z "$LOGGING_MANAGER" ]; then LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"fi# Uncomment the following line to make the umask available when using the# org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener#JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=`umask`"# ----- Execute The Requested Command -----------------------------------------# Bugzilla 37848: only output this if we have a TTYif [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo "Using CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE" echo "Using CATALINA_HOME: $CATALINA_HOME" echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR" if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then echo "Using JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_HOME" else echo "Using JRE_HOME: $JRE_HOME" fi echo "Using CLASSPATH: $CLASSPATH" if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Using CATALINA_PID: $CATALINA_PID" fifiif [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then if [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; then JPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; then JPDA_ADDRESS="8000" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_SUSPEND" ]; then JPDA_SUSPEND="n" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; then JPDA_OPTS="-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND" fi CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS $JPDA_OPTS" shiftfiif [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then if $os400; then echo "Debug command not available on OS400" exit 1 else shift if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo "Using Security Manager" fi shift exec "$_RUNJDB" "$LOGGING_CONFIG" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \ -Djava.security.manager \ -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start else exec "$_RUNJDB" "$LOGGING_CONFIG" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \ -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start fi fielif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then shift if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo "Using Security Manager" fi shift eval exec \"$_RUNJAVA\" \"$LOGGING_CONFIG\" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\" -classpath \"$CLASSPATH\" \ -Djava.security.manager \ -Djava.security.policy==\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\" \ -Dcatalina.base=\"$CATALINA_BASE\" \ -Dcatalina.home=\"$CATALINA_HOME\" \ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start else eval exec \"$_RUNJAVA\" \"$LOGGING_CONFIG\" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\" -classpath \"$CLASSPATH\" \ -Dcatalina.base=\"$CATALINA_BASE\" \ -Dcatalina.home=\"$CATALINA_HOME\" \ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start fielif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Existing PID file found during start." if [ -r "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"` ps -p $PID >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then echo "Tomcat appears to still be running with PID $PID. Start aborted." exit 1 else echo "Removing/clearing stale PID file." rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID" else echo "Unable to remove or clear stale PID file. Start aborted." exit 1 fi fi fi else echo "Unable to read PID file. Start aborted." exit 1 fi else rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ ! -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Unable to remove or write to empty PID file. Start aborted." exit 1 fi fi fi fi fi shift touch "$CATALINA_OUT" if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo "Using Security Manager" fi shift eval \"$_RUNJAVA\" \"$LOGGING_CONFIG\" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\" -classpath \"$CLASSPATH\" \ -Djava.security.manager \ -Djava.security.policy==\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\" \ -Dcatalina.base=\"$CATALINA_BASE\" \ -Dcatalina.home=\"$CATALINA_HOME\" \ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \ >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&" else eval \"$_RUNJAVA\" \"$LOGGING_CONFIG\" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\" -classpath \"$CLASSPATH\" \ -Dcatalina.base=\"$CATALINA_BASE\" \ -Dcatalina.home=\"$CATALINA_HOME\" \ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \ >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&" fi if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo $! > "$CATALINA_PID" fielif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then shift SLEEP=5 if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then echo $1 | grep "[^0-9]" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then SLEEP=$1 shift fi fi FORCE=0 if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then shift FORCE=1 fi if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then echo "PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted." exit 1 fi else echo "PID file is empty and has been ignored." fi else echo "\$CATALINA_PID was set but the specified file does not exist. Is Tomcat running? Stop aborted." exit 1 fi fi eval \"$_RUNJAVA\" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\" -classpath \"$CLASSPATH\" \ -Dcatalina.base=\"$CATALINA_BASE\" \ -Dcatalina.home=\"$CATALINA_HOME\" \ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then while [ $SLEEP -ge 0 ]; do kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID" else echo "Tomcat stopped but the PID file could not be removed or cleared." fi fi break fi if [ $SLEEP -gt 0 ]; then sleep 1 fi if [ $SLEEP -eq 0 ]; then if [ $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then echo "Tomcat did not stop in time. PID file was not removed." fi fi SLEEP=`expr $SLEEP - 1 ` done fi fi KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=5 if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; then if [ -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Kill failed: \$CATALINA_PID not set" else if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"` echo "Killing Tomcat with the PID: $PID" kill -9 $PID while [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -ge 0 ]; do kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then echo "Tomcat was killed but the PID file could not be removed." fi break fi if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; then sleep 1 fi KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=`expr $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL - 1 ` done if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; then echo "Tomcat has not been killed completely yet. The process might be waiting on some system call or might be UNINTERRUPTIBLE." fi fi fi fielif [ "$1" = "configtest" ] ; then eval \"$_RUNJAVA\" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS \ -Djava.endorsed.dirs=\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\" -classpath \"$CLASSPATH\" \ -Dcatalina.base=\"$CATALINA_BASE\" \ -Dcatalina.home=\"$CATALINA_HOME\" \ -Djava.io.tmpdir=\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\" \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap configtest result=$? if [ $result -ne 0 ]; then echo "Configuration error detected!" fi exit $resultelif [ "$1" = "version" ] ; then "$_RUNJAVA" \ -classpath "$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar" \ org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfoelse echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )" echo "commands:" if $os400; then echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger (not available on OS400)" echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager (not available on OS400)" else echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger" echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager" fi echo " jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger" echo " run Start Catalina in the current window" echo " run -security Start in the current window with security manager" echo " start Start Catalina in a separate window" echo " start -security Start in a separate window with security manager" echo " stop Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end" echo " stop n Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end" echo " stop -force Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running" echo " stop n -force Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running" echo " configtest Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result" echo " version What version of tomcat are you running?" echo "Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that \$CATALINA_PID is defined" exit 1fi 方案一已验证，可行；